tugas 7 (3)

Tugas 7


3. Explain and give the examples !
Answer :

The Parts of a Syllable
"Syllable isn't a tough notion to grasp intuitively, and there is considerable agreement in counting syllables within words. Probably most readers would agree that cod has one syllable, ahi two, and halibut three. But technical definitions are challenging. Still, there is agreement that a syllable is a phonological unit consisting of one or more sounds and that syllables are divided into two parts--an onset and a rhyme. The rhyme consists of a peak, or nucleus, and any consonants following it. The nucleus is typically a vowel . . .. Consonants that precede the rhyme in a syllable constitute the onset . . .

"[T]he only essential element of a syllable is a nucleus. Because a single sound can constitute a syllable and a single syllable can constitute a word, a word can consist of a single vowel--but you already knew that from knowing the words a and I."
(Edward Finegan, Language: Its Structure and Use, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2012)

Vowels and Consonants
"Some consonants can be pronounced alone (mmm, zzz), and may or may not be regarded as syllables, but they normally accompany vowels, which tend to occupy the central position in a syllable (the syllabic position), as in pap, pep, pip, pop, pup. Consonants occupy the margins of the syllable, as with p in the examples just given. A vowel in the syllable margin is often referred to as a glide, as in ebb and bay. Syllabic consonants occur in the second syllables of words like middle or midden, replacing a sequence of schwa plus consonant . . .."
(Gerald Knowles and Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language, edited by Tom McArthur. Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)

Reduplication
"[A] common syllable process, especially among the child's first 50 words, is reduplication (syllable repetition). This process can be seen in forms like mama, papa, peepee, and so on. Partial reduplication (the repetition of part of a syllable) may also occur; very often an /i/ is substituted for the final vowel segment, as in mommy and daddy."
(Frank Parker and Kathryn Riley, Linguistics for Non-Linguists, 2nd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 1994)

Stress
"Words like matinee and negligee, introduced after 1700, are stressed on the first syllable in British English but on the last in American English."
(Ann-Marie Svensson, "On the Stressing of French Loanwords in English," in New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics, ed. Christian Kay, et al. John Benjamins, 2002)

The Lighter Side of Syllables
Dr. Dick Solomon: I will now dispatch my foe with an elegant haiku.
Dr. Liam Neesam: Five syllables, seven syllables, five syllables.
Dr. Dick Solomon: I know that! . . . I'm so sick of you. You think you know everything. Will you stop it? Please.
Dr. Liam Neesam: Well, yes. That is technically a haiku, but it's a rather pedestrian one, isn't it?
(John Lithgow and John Cleese in "Mary Loves Scoochie: Part 2." 3rd Rock From the Sun, May 15, 2001)


- "A slavish concern for the composition of words is the sign of a bankrupt intellect. Be gone, odious wasp! You smell of decayed syllables."
(Norton Juster, The Phantom Tollbooth, 1961)

Sumber   : http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/syllableterm.htm